A rigorous mathematical definition of disclosure that considers the risk that an individual's confidential data may be learned as a result of a mathematical analysis based on that data being made publicly available.
Sources:
NIST SP 800-188 under differential privacy

  A mathematical framework that quantifies privacy risk to individuals as a consequence of data collection and subsequent data release.
Sources:
NIST SP 800-226 under differential privacy from Dwork et al (2006) - adapted

  Access control rules that compile directly into machine executable codes or signals. Subject/object attributes, operations, and environment conditions are the fundamental elements of digital policy, the building blocks of digital policy rules, which are enforced by an access control mechanism.
Sources:
NIST SP 800-162 under digital policy