Risks that arise from either 1) a breach (privacy context), or 2) as a result of authorized data processing activities that produce a problematic result and reflect the potential adverse impacts to individuals or an organization. Adverse impacts to an organization can include program delays or failures, compliance costs, reputational damage, etc. Adverse impacts to an individual can include the disclosure of private facts, mental pain and emotional distress, potential for blackmail, financial harm, embarrassment, inconvenience, unfairness or unconscious bias, discrimination, loss of trust, etc.
Sources:
CNSSI 4009-2022 from OMB M-17-12 - adapted, NIST Privacy Framework Version 1.0 - adapted, The Privacy Act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. § 552a(a)(5) - adapted